concatenation time_warp "an object or form made up of discrete parts, usually in an array or series. eg: a chain or a brick wall or by extension a living body is a concatenation of cells." from zeke on a____________of_blatherskites. i'm quite taken with this word. plus, oldephebe didn't know it. *wink* 040304 ... u24 what happens to strings. 040322 ... z ? 040323 ... u24 it's a term used in programming. A string is a sequence of characters, eg "afsdfsdf". When you want to add a string on to end of another, you concatenate them. for instance, if my program read: ---- $a = "foo"; $b = "bar"; $c = str_cat($a,$b); ---- then $c would equal "foobar"; not sure if the equals sign will come out ok, btw, so the program may not actually work. also not entirely sure that str_cat is actually a function, or that the syntax is correct. but hopefully you get the gist. 040323 ... u24 k, it looks like str_cat is a C function, but the listing above was in the style of PHP. either way, that's not the important thing. if you concatenate two strings, you get one string which consists of string one, followed by string two. (of course, if you wanted to concatenate two strings in PHP, you can simply say $c = $a.$b; because '.' is a concatenation operator... but that's way beside the point :D) 040323 ... z reciprocity? 040323 ... u24 ? 040709 what's it to you? who go blather from