holon unhinged the idea that complex organisms consist of ever larger and more complex wholes hierarchical nested hierarchies in general 'these hierarchies are 'nested' in such a way that higher level wholes are made up of parts that are themselves organisms at a lower level' -rs i.e. organs - tissues - cells - organelles - molecules 'every holon has a dual tendency to preserve and assert it's individuality as a quasi-autonomous whole; and to function as an integrated part of an (existing or evolving) larger whole.' - arthur koestler 210813 what's it to you? who go blather from